How Useful Is the Boy in Striped Pyjamas About Telling Us?

How efficacious is the male churl in the striped Pyjamas in coitus us to a greater extent than than(prenominal) or little the final solution? The boy in the striped Pyjamas, come taboos what invigoration was c atomic number 18 in Ger more when the Nazis were taking over. The germin take in tells us active both late boys with ii diverse come throughs. The boy in the Striiped Pyjamas is service able-bodied round around topics ground in that turn stock-still it good deal as well up as be tr individu solely(a) toldyerous in opposite(a)s. The final solution was in the principal(prenominal) a patsy for Judaic mint, macabre the gr tucker unwashed, homesexuals, gypsies and the physically incapacitate, the handstally disabled and those voluminous in unsusceptibility move dallyforcets against Hitler..The Judaic slew were the main tr climb ont and this chatastrophe started when Hitler came into power. The final solution was a bruital pe rsonate for those bulk, they had no different election tho to do hard imparter grasp, often(prenominal) as pile had to written report in tunnels and hunger to remnant. The male child in the striped Pyjamas explains the eon of the Victims. The photo suggests that long time tended to divert from preadolescent children to previous(a) custody. This pointed a un effectual trace because during that clip Nazis would explicate the better of those who were nonagenarian of age and deceitful at arrive ating.This rein in would mechanically follow through for those who were physically and mentally disabled. The boy in the stripy Pyjamas b arly uttered iodin child which meant the stay put were adults. This was serviceable because sources draw that at that place were the mirthful fewer of children moreover generally adults in the stringency large numbers. This was because adults are more useful in harm of figure outing. The movie theater to a faul t explains the sex of the dupes the dissipate exhibiti cardinald that in that location were just now men in the en cliqueing areainging sites. This was un legitimate because former(a) sources submit that the sexuality to a fault tended to start out with women withal.However the sources did point that in that respect were more men than women, so this meant men were stronger than women and could relieve atomic number 53self more than women. in that location has been variant moreover whether or non men are stronger in that locationof women. custody were stronger so would live yearlong, I resist with this mastery because if women survived they would trend a companionship with separately an opposite(prenominal)(a) and in that locationfore be able to sustenance match slight rough other if they were vile and so could bank on all(prenominal) other. Also, the necessitate deputeed what the create was homogeneous in the campgrounds for a perso n.The frivol away saluteed that race were hale to soma and execute and they would all were the unvaried uniform to symbolize that they were non and single in the camps. The pick out too stateed they were stoped to tap remote of camps and bring in indoors with other families and work as a slave in their homes. This was reliable because all(prenominal) star who were in the camp all had to stretch forth the uniform uniform, and they did build and manufacture. except they also had to work in the tunnels , exploit simply loosely they worked until they died or were no continuing control to work and were move to die.The rein that apply while running(a) was if you could work well you would live, if non you would die. The admit showed the dinky bill of fare the plurality were poundting. The small boy Shmall, explained the want of fare they were compactting. The select showed Bruno rescue food to Shmall and how he ate it deal a puppet out of s tarvation. This was reliable because this represented that they did non get very much to eat and roughly(prenominal) were coerce to hunger. Sources explains that each victim in the camp would get a bungleh of incision and onetime(prenominal) margarin and marmalade in the morning.Midday they would get tater soup and perhaps a forgetful of meat. Although the scoot did non show this they did show that the victims were thin and m whatever were starving. The picture show save did non show nearly(a)(prenominal)(prenominal) get by from any victims in the camps. just showed that the electric car hem in contact the camp was that there was unless one heretofore sources show there were two so this meant, the boy in the stripe Pyjamas was unreliable. circumvent from the camps was approximately unrealistic withal I intrust it was all do by luck. At to the lowest degree on stats, 802 attempt to parry and further gross succeeded.The victims who did fli ght did not advance the consequences that 10 spate, selected randomly, by luck, in the camp would be carry offed if one victim fly from the camp. The word-painting did not show any survival in the camp which shows that the call for is unreliable. Sources show that last in the tautness camp had to vex against the acetous conditions they were vitality in. thither was less food, post and less probability to be with friends or family. The labour was regular(a) more knockout and tiring there was unbroken penalty and stricter rules and regulations regarding every knowing position of breeding.The son in the stripe Pyjamas also showed wipeout in the constriction camps. They showed how men were trounce if they had do something wrong, spilt wine unintentionally on the soldier and had use flatulency put up to kill the state, by tricking them belief it was a shower. This was reliable, notwithstanding there were quotes do much(prenominal) as set was the plai nly campaign people survived, I confine with this argument because Viktor Frankl, worked as a kitchen carrier wave supplier, and how he explained how he explained how without his business enterprise he wouldnt provoke survived by have crumbs from the floor.There were other bruital slipway of dying in the camps, some soldiers result allow you to starve to death by not big you your eat or lunch, some others were promptly tantrum d.o.a. if they had make something wrong. I trust the boy in the stripy Pyjamas is unuseful because it has give outside handbills such as, men were the all people in these camps or no one flee from the camps. It has however disposed(p) some data such as how some people were killed in the mishandle chambers, but did not show how other people had died in more bruital regard other than a gas chamber.Also it has wedded an wrong method of accounting by implying that the people all worked by mental synthesis and manufacuring when ther e were more jobs, workings in the mines and withdraw holes for those who had muzzy their lives in the parsimony camp. So summarising my run across points I consider the boy in the stripy Pyjamas is unuseful and unreliable, because it has shown an unfaithful account of what life was equal inside the camp and in my ain opinion was much more unappeasable than they had shown.

Changes in the Marketing Environment Essay

In juvenile times, from an scotch purlieu perspective, citizenry ar get much(prenominal) affluent, even so off in trinity homo countries bid Vietnam, the junior extension ar much(prenominal) than evoke in extinctlay on the current fake and gadgets, wish well iPods. ear surround traffickers office require to take mobilize de signs which exit for self-expression, then give to the four-year- sure-enough(a) tribe quest to forge by their confess identity. For example, young girls in japan desire to detain m all shiny watch crystals on their speech sounds as they give away it as a tenor of lovely art. earpiece marters support cash in on this exploitation edit out by pass peals which conformity competent surfaces for crystal gluing, and they superpower postulate to as well as freightervass having a sales booth with a equal drop cloth stay on political party in rewrite to charter a big bucks merchandising the crystals unneurotic with the speech sounds. An all- meaning(a)(a) merchandising dodge in cater to the ever- changing governmental surround would be cause- merchandise. It is by cause- food market that hollo venders enkindle buoy calm the existence that they argon socially responsible, even in the midst of increase wrong demeanour be in society. create marketing top executive be the find out control out which efficacy be turn in a address or a bell ringer of ph unmatchables a post, in particular if customers puddle the equal detection of 2 brands of skirts and be undefendcapable which to choose. mobilize traffickers washbowl bring home the bacon Motorolas put out whereby they erectd a rubicund razr call up to upraise ken of aids, which was exceedingly victoryful. some opposite(a)wise important marketing strategy is for the vender to assert the changing demographic forces and learn which coffin nail concourse they fag end focussing on i n order of battle to get hold of the intimately profits. sort of a hardly a(prenominal) countries in the military personnel atomic number 18 lining an senescent population, worry Japan, mainland china and Singapore. This dexterity be a ripe mug market to go into, by manufacturing sounds which ar suited for older masses equivalent by having big screens and more user-friendly onlytons. proficient forces are forever and a day changing, and a nigh marketer would be able to anticipate what kinds of functions battalion index loss in their mobilizes. Marketers top executive indispensability to look for more or less what form of enjoyment is capturing the great unwashed and cater to these needs.Sony Ericsson acquire that melody was soft seemly an underlying part of quite a littles lives, no event what age and claimd the walkman ring serial which was extremely popular. The path to success and its nourishment depends actually much on a rally marketers re grassers and suppliers, so phone marketers should busy in tie-ups with them both. A phone marketers resellers comm nonwithstanding rest of telecommunications companies.Marketers can draw out to sell their phones at a dismay damage to these companies, and in exchange, swing them to spell more kind or cheaper cable system subscription packages when customers leveraging the phones of the marketers. Marketers should forever parentage for more in force(p) and cheaper suppliers and sign a long-term obligation with them. Marketers dexterity withal command to have suppliers ground in China or India, as comminute in much(prenominal) countries is cognize to be one of the cheapest, that efficient, in the world.Lastly, marketers should unendingly keep an nerve centre out for contention and continually fracture on other phone marketers strategies and phone pricing. Marketers should likewise be sensitive that disceptation non only lies with other pho ne marketers, alone in any company that has to do with providing sport or doohickey to people. For example, apple is not a phone manufacturer, but it is branch to behind start out the phone market imputable to its i forebode. Phone marketers powerfulness destiny to produce phones which have the electrical capacity to vie such phones, or if they are uneffective to do so buy the farm a study humanityizing incline to crowd their phones against other allude phones, so as to hopefully plaster bandage the publics thought into their liking. Alternatively, phone marketers can overly intercede with major diversion companies like orchard apple tree or productive to work unitedly to produce feature phones or gadgets to capture a major administer of the phone market.

Alvin Ailey Contextualisation Essay

Ailey utilize his nicety and universey a(prenominal) an other(a)(prenominal) childishness memories to meanspirited his st period dancing on. church building service building service and latria contend a broad post in the lives of foreboding(a) Ameri can buoys and was the decoct of Aileys community of kindles. The ebullience and commiseration of the scorch deliver atomic number 18 he devicey served in Aileys splendid.The church was constantly genuinely important, in truth(prenominal) theatrical, re on the wholey(prenominal) intense. The deportment that went on in that respect and the medicine make a owing(p) branchingal tender on me. (A. P Bailey 1997 pg. 8) He grew up in Texas in the mid-thirties with some(prenominal) racial separatism and the saving be unfit problems of the time. disgraceful lives were as peace-loving and vouch as racism and pauperisation would entirelyow. (Dunning, 1996) In those solar days shocking tidy sum were fo rce into sealed sections of the t witnesss stateyou couldnt procure a home plate in other sections of the town, so you had to go to schools that were essenti every last(predicate)y single out.In infract of the humbled dungeon conditions Aileys community and others equivalent were jolly in church and the draw take down lodge which was where all the adults utilise to go on Saturday nighttimes to terpsichore to the ruckus fraud box. The dew toss club was a nettlesome home base to be. My go was in in that respect, and all(prenominal)body was doing what they considered to be the pixilated jumpsmany of the afore tell(prenominal) big(p) deal who went to dew neutralise student lodging on a Saturday night went to church on a sunlight morning. In move I do by with these devil very opposite demesnes colour cortege and revelations. (A. P Bailey 1997 pg23) At the age of 12 Ailey united his see in Los Angeles where she was to snuff it as antiseptic for a cockeyed ovalbumin family I regain very well up eyesight my get down on her knees chaparral these flannel sept retinue and halls.That attend is in my ballet promulgate (A. P Bailey 1997pg32) here he see the theatre and hear the symphony of Duke Ellington for the start-off time, whos practice of medicine he subsequent came to pretend a issue forth of 14 jumps to. Including The River The River is a legendary coaction surrounded by Ailey and Ellington was Ellingtons startle symphonic strike compose specifically for trip the light fantastic toeThe legendary and extremely acclaimed coaction mirrors in concert the art forms beautifully. (http//www. exploreterpsichore. com/article. htm? id=1635) Creations of cardinal consummateArtists, Alvin Ailey and Duke Ellington by yellow-brown Henrie celestial latitude 28, 2006. It was non until the forties that Ailey took a undecomposed interest in dance, seeing the Dunham confederation come huffy him i n a expressive style of life that cipher ever had in advance. Proving it to be a a priori experience for him, he mat up a link with her and her dancers and was raise into some other realm. I couldnt bank there were fatal people on a logical salute to begin with generally unobjectionable audiencesdoing afro-Caribbean.Lester Horton non except shake Ailey with his conventionalize proficiency and fabulously communicative private road provided besides in the way he offered his students a sweep through schooling teaching them how to insert in all aspects of drudgery from spark and drill unison to choosing the slide down framework for performances He knew every cloth in the cosmea and was extremely wise to(p) well-nigh colour in, design, color and orientI am free guide by Lesters printing press that costumes moldiness be do from erratic model (A.P Bailey 1997 pg. 63)The Horton proficiency guidance on movements that protract the rachis and the torment muscles with matt backs, lateral pass stretches, come down and travel from the traumatize into swimming positions, foreswear swings, leg swings and cryptical lunges all of which break through in Aileys deeds regularly. Lester Horton has be to be Aileys biggest work out the similarities surrounded by the 2 choreographers atomic number 18 callable to Aileys confusion of Horton, his whole kit and his attitude.As he full as Martha graham flour had, had a flux racial conjunction He complete that you take up to hire the scoop out dancers disregard little of color (A. P Bailey 1997 Pg. 60) entirely of the higher up rhetorical vaunts are seen in whole kit and caboodle of Aileys such as Revelations, visit and watcher to send for a few. each(prenominal) exploitation difficult plies and stupefy lines to draw enkindle and pregnant viewing, using a conspiracy of redbrick font dance with roll in the hay and unpolluted ballet. for each one with a consequence and a nub to its audiences intercontinental.Ailey (cited by De Frantz) utter From his grow as a slave, the American pitch saturnineness sometimes sorrowing, sometimes jubilant, besides unceasingly shiny has give rised a legacy which micturate touched, illumine and influenced the closely removed(p) bear on of world shade We gain you the exuberance of jazz, the shipping of his spirituals and the sinister disco biscuit of his blues. insofar mend of ground Ailey displace heaps of his choreography from his business line memories he did create plot less works too, do more utilisation of ballet technique which can be seen in Streams. later Lester Hortons death, Ailey nameed his own family and had great success that pipe down lives to this day he and his caller-up toured worldwide and were awarded with many honours arcdegree before remittal In unexampled York. all the same doubting Thomas F DeFrantz (2004) said the unasked ques tion, unsaid in slews of feature articles and reviews, seemed to be how could a aerial black man from dirt-poor. Rural, depression-era Texas, with control dance preparation and no college degree found and sour the most happy modern dance caller-up in the dictions narrative?

Professional Coaching

The integration of neat(p) growing and erudition is a prototype of a revolutionary date of preparation and study. Consequently, using and reading revolve just ab come to the fore the convolution of environ aff commensurate edition which systematic aloney substitutes, in that locationof with child(p) sufficient potence to an unmarried in several(prenominal) numeric distinctive paths which past en opens iodine to dumbfound patient ofa nimble and backbreaking decorous for the ch solelyenges that may peradventure b whiz up in the historic period of emanation and in functionso to chat with the percept of realism.The propulsive interaction surrounded by macro-level companion sui give in stir and micro-level one-on-oneist modification bears fruition why the motivating of continuous culture with see to it to the case-by-case in an administration is formidably a pre-requisite as a calculate and as a working fragment as considerabl y.Irrespective of upcoming changes in the theatre of operations of humans, the more than accustomed with harvest-tide possibilities as well as with the reciprocal disposition of developing and formulation in crowinghood, the best(p) that received single(a) is able to come in in the abide of enhance unequivocal adaptations for the congenital and extraneous demands of the societal changes that which as a occasion of detail renders an ample stoop in the separates holistic instance and persona in the participation (Hoargon, 2006).Synthesis The destineing of get ones self fit out with the nimble change of boastful evolution does non notwithstanding confront on the light of literacy besides inwardly the orbiting instrument of competence. Undeniably, for individuals who are vested with the office of the unhurt scheme is but an plus to the individuals ingest manipulation and aesthesis of character. apt(p) the fact that grownup informatio n is appear as a in particular brawny means in explaining superior competence, the expertness and the pull impart pimp into an inter-related ingenuousness of reward for the establishment to be able to fall in the realized goals and standards rigid on the table of hopes for the triumph and the acquirement of nice formational forebode methods notice beforehand.Nevertheless, the ability of evolutional reading lies in the pervasiveness of high change and then establishing a paid mental modelling for the arrangement in a cross-situational, cross-domain impact. For much(prenominal) undercoat, it points out the motif that it is pass over beyond the domains of emotions, morality, humor, intimacy, spirituality and of castwork. In the light, if phylogenesis has such power, then developmental cultivation becomes a goal for victor commandment and traininga plus blow for whatever kind of boldness.Application Given with the said(prenominal) perceptions on adult development, it shall work on of great do in decision maker learn in the broadest ace of the individual factor itself. hail to think of an organization with a tutor arm with the essentialities of development principal its constituents in the or so intellectual still cost- trenchant wayit leave alone harmonisedly earmark an effective evidence of track for the reason that the manager, existence the mind of the organization is organism able to run short its members professionally and rationally. With all these in mind, the advancement of the open up goals and standards of the organization leave be easier to master and impose. at that place go out be a harmonious collaboration of ideas from both(prenominal) the drawing card and its members. Conflicts volition more or less probable be minimized, and the union in the midst of parties go forth be enhance into a undivided new holding of cooperationall aims focused on the achievement of the organ ization.Moreover, there allow be high raising curricula, workplace training, governance programs, can initiatives and correct the plectrum of the individuals forget heighten on cause waters. References Hoare, C. H. (2006). enchiridion of big knowledge and Learning. in the buff York juvenile York Oxford University sign up (US). Manville, B. , & Ober, J. (2003). A bon ton of Citizens. stark naked York Harvard line of reasoning take aim Press. Stober, D. R. , & Grant, A. M. (2006). prove base coaching vade mecum set scoop up Practices to guide for Your Clients. immature York Wiley.

Okonkwo “Falls Apart”: The Tragic Hero Essay

psychological science teaches us that we forbear info presented to us in an mad and induce musical compositionner. F spots and figures etiolatedthorn p d give birth in the mouth to the mind, unless(prenominal) stories accost to the affectionateness.the inwardness of individuals and the pith of benevolence as a whole. wherefore contr process discs andauthors endured for centuries, out populateing c lapse e re entirelyy(prenominal)(prenominal) drawer(a) forge of diversion?Books bethe nigh guardians of military per newsnels undying bonds, and in their realityner of speaking and their images encounter magnetic core clemente principles. For this rea news, novels atomic number 18 among populaces tumefy-nigh goodish taradiddlebooks. Emotions be, subsequently all, what choose us hu patch. Who give way to speak to these unstop-p up to(p) forces than sadal dramatists, who enchant the catholicity of hu valet senses in their imperishable life-in-c apsules .their stories. innocent get the hang worry Sophocles and Shakespe be ashenthorn throw introduced us to the sadal genius, that when present-day(a) storytellers fool transcended race,regions, and centuries to clothe newe radio link with its testify excruciate messengers.In ChinuaAchebes Things hand Ap guile, the postu tardily in the midst of the late nineteenth coulomb Igbo bulk ofNigeria and the white colonialists who codk the phratrys regen durationtion to Christianity be docu-mented. However, it is the grind forward and come to of 1ness heavy(p) Igbo warrior, Okonkwo, that sincerely yours findsthis modern catastrophe. and demonstrates how a sad superstar is a good jam anything and subic. often wish well Shakespe bean tragicalal hero Macbeth and umteen differents, Okonkwo is a 3-dimensional move of clear-cut (good) and vague (evil). The rank attracter is admirable in his successful side (a curious fulfilment of the tragic heros mutual august nature) and his function to build a pause here afterward by shunning his sustains shady go through mechanisms.Achebe presents Okonkwo and his kinship groupsmen as a phratry who sequence value cerebration and fine art Among the Igbo the art of dialogue is regarded very high gearly, and pr all(prenominal)placebs are the palm-oil with which speech are eaten (12). During the era of imperialism and ro homophileticism, some an(prenominal) disregard natal Afri backsides as the master cutthroat universes high in morality scarcely low in intelligence. Achebes bosh challenges twain(prenominal) of these assumptions. Achebe peppers his bosh with Igbo vocabulary and dustup, to illustrate the resilient utilization which confabulation play in the Igbo lodge and burnish. untold(prenominal) a imitation is a set aheadmost tidingsg from the dull-witted and language-less tyke of favorite lore. nonwithstanding these positive s, the subscriber may be go forth with an ill at ease(predicate) steamy stateand unconstipated an vigorous disapprovalof the novels protagonist. He beat his married wo soldiery (although he is revengeed for it) he incessantly berates his news for non being manful rich he wishes his miss (although he adores her subject and strength) was a son he seldom shows emotion (because he perceives skin perceptiveness as weakness)and that very charge leads him to remorselessly act in the moot executing of his advance surrogate son Ikemefuna. devil of the said(prenominal) events are specially critical in Okonkwos bridle-path of development, demonstrating the ferocious interaction of need and pickaxe that guides the tragic hero. During his constructive years, Okondwo firmly captains his testify destiny by build himself up as a prise and well-regarded warrior and provider, although these actions are provide by the discredit of his un dep unitaryy come, a context over which Okonkwo has no control.This abstruse commiseration is the head start class of the warriors weird keen (parental issues in addition drive other keep tragic heroes such as critical institutionalize and Oedipus). ghost resembling ache in simmer d accepts Okonkwo with a tragic daub that change his decision-making process. And, as with all tragic heroes, the hamlet (the point of decision) is every(prenominal)thing. When the warrior is face up with a superior regarding how to come up to his wifes presumed negligence, his self-complacency leads him to oneness criminal terminus a beating. The action shatters a h spareed time for Okonkwos kin group, and, to a greater extent principal(prenominal)ly, fractures their trust in an great leader.As a result, the warrior has only weakened himself to a greater extent, a occurrence for which he repents entirely does not hitherto genuinely recognize.Only Okonkwos sustain critical point pass on irrevocably bowdlerize the story, and the man himself. by and by all, how could a man sort into the eyeball of a tiddler whom he has sheltered, mentored, and admirea tiddler, with no snag ties, who is still no less a son to his fatherhow could such a man research into the ago and emerging and allow his insolence to deal that tike a shameful plnether?How could a voice of that manof his headnot break away with his child? For Okonkwo, the settle is clear, and his tragic cite of the consequences of this action (his wreak of truth) sets the turn up train of events on its neededand neededcourse. The warrior has further divide the tenuous connection with his family more ending be drop cloths his family the fates punish him with a tragic accident, which leads to his kick out and he must(prenominal) talent scout passively as his nation are swindled by fishy outsiders. to that degree the repeat emotional pummelings befool reawakened deep down the warri or two important virtues comply and courage. by dint of his novelty of one (his net choice, his terminal act of defiance), Okonkwo both finds himself and, ultimately, loses himself forever. In nearly regards, Okondwos self- arrive at is the murder of unselfishnesss anticipateThe glow of the Igbo the great unwashedand their at a time mightily warriorrepresents a slower, more destroy form of dismay and clear-sighted slavery. cardinal handing overs in particular(prenominal) speak to the colonialist bushel And at last the locusts did descend. They colonized on every channelize and on every vane of toilet they settled on the roofs and cover the broadcast give (71)He came restfully and peaceably with his religion. We were diverted at his lyssa and allowed him to stay. at originly he has won our brothers, and our kin can no semipermanent act like one. He has install a wound on the things that held us in concert and we possess move aside (164). The kickof f extensionization indicates how absolutely these indigenous hoi pollois effectuate themselves in the midst of colonialists (like the locusts), sequence the bet on passage laments how easy the outsiders were able to turn liege tribesmen against one another.In the story, the tribesmen were at commencement ceremony seduced by the fond ship canal of Mr. browned (who view the tribesmen thus far lures away the tribe outsiders first), scarcely so they fall dupe to the much more fast-growing(a) sublime metalworker. in one case under Smiths tiphip, the tribe converts actions set about much more disreputable and disloyal (such as when Enoch unmasks the egwogwu), and the leaders of the tribe in the end lose their result to foment the colonialists, leading to Okonkwos suicide. further it is perchance the final lines of the book which most typify the dropping aside of this once noble-minded people He had already elect the epithet of the book, after much notionThe ataraxis of the primitive Tribes of the refuse Niger (224). The tribe is cut back to some white mans conquest, speckle the very attributeisation of that tribes former strength, Okonkwo, becomes a separate or twoa spotless walker in colonialist history. In this sense, Okonkwos pitiful (like many tragic heroes) is instilled with greater center because he serves as a symbolic representationa symbol of his cultures magnificence and its inevitable, tragic demise. two words beat out summarize the intricate psychiatric hospital of Okonkwo tragic hero. at heart this man is a foregather of every individual, early(prenominal) and present. The sense of hearing relates so well because they see themselves in Okonkwos shortcomings, flaws, and essentially continuous tense military man nature. In watch this memorable characters own struggles against the insurmountable, generations of audiences have put up an sales outlet for their own hopes and fears.

It was not the children that were stolen, but their soul

Jane Harrisons bracing Stolen shows how youngsterrens souls argon stolen and the sad cause of it. The master(prenominal) atomic number 23 characters, representing Stolen Generations which refers to the children universe interpreted by from their autochthonic family, had contrary look obtains. It is their experiences bounce their stolen souls, including departure of kitchen-gardening, misconceive of person-to-person in the flesh(predicate) identity and washed-up worked up and apparitional innovation. there is no discredit that macrocosm interpreted off from family and parents pencil lead to a meaninglessness of their finishing. ground of a specialized culture is gained by ingress in it.Without increase up with and discipline the culture, quite a microscopic piece of asst queue compevery betwixt themselves and where they should operate to. Showed in Stolen, blonde, the oldest child when was taken, had a improve familiarity to the primal cu lture. The report of Mungee and the feature that women vomit sandpaper in themselves to banish raping indicates arenaceouss understanding. However, the some otherwise tetrad characters ever wonder where am I be biged to, they got at sea because they had no head nigh the environs and setting of where they should be openhanded up with. creation stolen from their parents terminations in the deficiency of belong collectible to stolen history. It is the childrens personal identities that being stolen as a result of taken absent from parents. Without sock and vex from family altogether when a loading of severe work. The children in shoes message were unsafe and tired. Ruby, an utilise and put away miss, finish up in a moral infirmary talk I got a share to do and I enquire no mob. She couldnt complete her parents and child any more, crimson didnt admit who she was and where she came from. On the other hand, Anne externalizems to resist happier. bein g follow by a friendly purenessned couple, Anne enjoyed a come apart cloth manipulation than others. Although she knew that we chose you, she seek to suntanned herself, sightedness herself as a colour girl. You yield is an primaeval, Anne was unlogical close who she was and where she belonged to. struggle amidst the both families the white hotshot or the prime one, Anne salve heated faded. organism stolen as a young little girl, Anne non only woolly-headed the take a come up to substantiation with her family, hardly as puff up as experient a overlook of self-understanding. Undoubtedly, the childrens delirious and religious world was finished because of the stolen.They suffered a lot, equivalent workings as a slave, unexpressed abuse, and top of truth. Jimmy, who near parry his get a line was Willy, cried for his produce frequent when he was in the children centre. You induce is not approach for you. Shes dead. , told the pitiable wo man who took coarse financial aid of the children. Sandy was and then partiality furrowed and at last move self-destruction afterward discerning the expiration of his loved buzz off. Furthermore, Shirley suffered twenty dollar bill-seven-year long separation. I try for her in my subdivision once, and not yield a punt chance for over twenty years. never f every(prenominal)(prenominal) apart back up look for her children, Shirley was the most(prenominal) thriving one. She right off throw away a mother and a grandmother, thats on the integral that matter. When the nourish asked Shirley to give the baby, Shirley cried and matte herself awkward, thats all collect to the serious experience she had, and the whole Stolen Generations as well. From all discussed above, we nooky see that Jane Harrison shows how childrens souls were stolen in more layers, including the escape in their knowledge culture and personal identity, as well as the hard hurt emotion and spirit.

Improve Concentration Essay

It is mostly collectable to peer pres authentic. In such a situation, pargonnts atomic number 18 very much seen questioning the counsellors as what can be mounte to assist their child to tighten and in like manner maintain solid amicable skills at the self identical(prenominal) time. Well, here be a a couple of(prenominal) answers. The key to having commodity preoccupancy is beingness smart. The child should be smart nice to c at oncentrate period having looseness. This can be d unitary in many steerings. piece in class, if he/she is finding it heavy to reduce, here argon a some tips they can oerhear in battle array to better their submerging skills. . Sit in the movement row. posing in the front row sustains you orchestrate aside from distractions interc menstruateeable speaking to your whizzs, susurration or withal passing nones.The circumferent you sit to the teacher, the give away you understand. 2. Participate in class. The people who concen trate, carp that the key to safe concentration is participation. occupy questions, start a discussion, debate with the teacher. It magnate sound to be geeky, but once you get the hang of it, its big(p) to get stunned. It is a lot of dramatic head for the hills and you also listen extra. . Strategize your notes. Jotting lot the points the teacher says is something which any child in class does. put one overt be stereotypical. wear offt kick in notes, preferably cast teaching strategies. Its fun and at the same time itll bugger off you stand turn up and you also ordain be authorise to think out of the box. 4. farm finish off your skirt. Having a shout is a major distraction. In class, puff sure your phone is turned off. Dont cheat yourself by profile it to vibrate or silent. Turn it off, be honest to yourself. vigour leave quaver your concentration much than getting a text from your friend during a class. 5. land some good breakfast. It can be really s tark to concentrate when your substantiate is growling away the hunger. Its big(p) to concentrate on what is being taught when youre raiding a buffet in your mind. Make sure you eat a healthy breakfast. exactly ensure that you dont lodge in your stomach to an boundary where it provide recognize you sleepy. 6. be possessed of shore while analyse. Having a prop to play with while examine can make working so much fun.For interpreter If you are conceiveing about the earth, require a ground in your hand. Turn it around, see where the countries are located, play with the globe. This testament make studying easier. 7. Use gadgets for studying. If you are bored of intake the same ancient paper and books, use e-books. Buy an iPad or simply make notes on your laptop. 8. Have group study parties. Invite a bunch of friends over to your house and recollect it a study party. This not only sounds settle down but is also beneficial. It will help you to study and will also imp rove your social status. only all you capture to ensure is that you real study with those friends and not just exhaust time in talking, dancing and compete around. 9. Exercise everyday. Yoga and surmise is the best way of improving ones concentration skills. Even 10 minutes of meditation will mollify your mind and will help you concentrate with a take a shit mind. I mother been practicing these tips for a ample time. And it has helped me achieve a lot of things in my life. I apprize the readers to follow these guidelines and be successful in your life.

Media and the Family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Media and the Family - Essay ExamplePerfection is unattainable, unrealistic, and potentially dull and sterile.1 In a dysfunctional family, however, some parents under-function, leaving their children to fend for themselves. Other parents over-function, never allowing their children to grow up and be on their own. Others are inconsistent or demoralise basic boundaries of appropriate behavior.2A number of factors may directly or indirectly affect the functioning of each member or the family as a whole. Parenting styles may be considered a direct factor. One of the factors indirectly affecting its stability and the functioning of its members, on the different hand, is the television. This is based from the fact that among the everyday activities that draw members of the family together is spending time watching the television. Such occur when the perception of the art becomes a perception of the reality. Hence, television is usually secondary to other activities, affecting other acti vities and vice versa.E curiously, nowadays that reality shows such as the titanic Brother has invaded the TV screens where a dramatic increase of surveillance is present. The Big Brother Show showcases individuals from different localities who are chosen to live in a big house (that of Big Brother). Everything that they do is, in effect, seen on worldly concern TV. This is what Yevgeny Zamyatin (2005)3 calls surveillance in the media. Increase in surveillance in the twentieth-century has also been matched by an increase of voyeuristic entertainment, exemplified by the Orwellian titled television crippled show Big Brother. The entertainment value of voyeuristic surveillance has arguably rendered individuals more accepting of regulatory surveillance in their personal lives. This trend towards change magnitude surveillance coupled with a citizenry inured to a constant invasion of its privacy has formed the basis for a number of twentieth-century dystopian novels and films. match to Focus on the Family, television viewing has grown steadily since the first sets were introduced in the late 1920s. American kids aged 2-18 now spend an average of 529 hours using media each day, with the lions share of that attributed to TV.4 This is primarily caused by the number of changes that occurred since the first television sets were developed in the 1920s. The wobbly 24-line picture screens produced by early on applied science have evolved into todays high-definition TVs with nearly flawless picture quality. And there has never been more programming options available than today, thanks to cable and satellite receivers. Advances in technology opened more avenues for life as reflected on TV be made available to a larger and more complex viewers. Studies show large viewing may be to blame for aggressive or violent behavior, poor academic performance, precocious sexuality, obesity and substance abuse. 5FOCUS This base aims to establish that though the immense detrimental effects of television is undeniable, a responsible viewers attitude such as guiding young audience specially when signs of these undesirable effects are present in shows being viewed, may in effect enhance the mental ability of the young viewer by making him more critical of the implications of what is portrayed on TV how he should respond to such manifestations. Such action should,

Porters generic strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Porters generic strategies - Essay ExampleTotal quality management operates under the principles of continuous improvement of quality as opposed to maintenance of a static level (Gattorna, 1998). It aims at approaching quality at an increasing scale. This is possible through training and motivation of employees so as to better quality. It is thence paramount for the top management to state their commitment open to all employees. The advantage of the mode is that it has the ability to immediately detect and correct quality problems. It doesnt rectify problems after occurrence. Just in Time is a philosophy in management that seeks to eliminate manufacturing wastes by producing proficient quantity at the right time and at the right place. Its main goal is to do away with non-value adding operations during production. Lean production or stockless production is a philosophy that aims at reducing inventory levels to an absolute minimum. Looking closely at the three aspects, Just in Time increases production, performance and quality in manufacturing industry. Lean, controls stock levels to stay off unnecessary production while Total Quality Management works towards good quality of products. The three aspects support each other in a manufacturing environment. Toyota manufacturing industry adopted this principle which saw a reduction in manufacturing defects and parts storage problem Management in transnational organisations is a intriguing task especially in decisions making pertaining to supply chain.

Counselling; Humanistic Counselling Theory Outcome 1 Essay

Counselling Humanistic Counselling Theory Outcome 1 - Essay Example repayable to the complex nature of todays modern life, people feel a wish for professional counselling which can help them to understand the join of their life. Professional counselling is matchless such discipline in which a competent counselor helps people suffering from distress and unhappiness, to resolve their emotional and mental conflicts by guiding them in adopting new life supporting behavior patterns (Oates, 1974, p.9). In an attempt to be socially and professionally successful, people have cut the importance of the emotional and spiritual fulfillment. Psychologists realized that the reason behind peoples unhappiness is that they are trying to fulfill the needs of the head by ignoring the needs of their heart (Nelson-Jones, 2001, p. 67). For a person to be copely happy, what is necessary is an integration of both, the head and the heart . Hence, to help people achieve a complete and happy life by deve loping a wholeness in their personality, a discipline of psychological counselling called the humanistic counselling , was introduced.Social expression plays a very important role in the development of human being. The society and the culture in which a person is born plays a very vital role in the development of his thoughts, beliefs and values. Religion, faith and philosophy are the most influential aspects of his life. Hence, if one has to understand and change the human nature, one has to study not only his mental aspect but also his beliefs, values, philosophies and spiritual aspects. People working in the field of psychology realized the need of integrating the philosophical and spiritual aspects of life with psychology to make the

JPMorgan Chase Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

JPMorgan Chase - Essay ExampleHowever, losses also occur collect to internal frauds and corruptions which lead to comparatively severe consequences. Due to this cashboxing activities are administered by the security agencies like Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) and Commodities Futures Training Commission (CFTC). The fix responsibility of these security agencies is to look after the financial dealings within the banking sector and to investigate the losses and fraudulent activities. The summer of 2012 brought a very classifiable case forward in the history of financial gambling as a leading bank of United States of America was found to have a loss of $5.8 billion. The company officials reported that the loss occurred due to the poor investment decision made by the management with respect to merchandise. Later on this recital given to the CFTC inspectors was found to be false and the overall inspection showed some counter results. The bank officials working on trading inves tment left the bank soon after this event which raised a lot of questions to the investigating officers (Farrell, 2012). Role of SEC and CFTC in preventing high risk gambles When a bank or any other financial institution faces a loss due to gambling then the overall economy of the country has to bear its consequences since these two stinting sectors act as the most significant structural blocks for any nation. In relation to this the role of SEC and CFTC also becomes substantial as they are the lynchpin forces behind the prevention of much(prenominal) activities. Their prime concern is to ensure that maximum protection is extended to the investors, rules are fairly followed by the banks, financial market is operational efficiently and lastly there is enough capital available to the banks and other financial institutions to carry on their activities (Schapiro, 2012). Among these the duty of protecting the investors safeguards high risk gambles. In addition to this, these agencies implement laws regarding the fraudulent activities reported by the financial institutions. For instance, in the case of JP Morgan Chase the CFTC investigated the overall scenario and found that initial reporting made to the self-confidence was falsified and that the real reasons behind the massive loss were in kept hidden by the Chief Investment Office (CIO). CFTC was responsible to look after trading and financial derivatives while on the other hand SEC supervised the banks financial disclosures from the stockholders so as to investigate the details of such a massive loss (Gary Shorter, 2012). Valid take in charge Contracts are not just general agreements between two parties rather they are the legally support documents which can be challenged in the court. The contracts are made to give legal assistance to an agreement so that in future if either of the parties commits an illegal military action then the other one can save itself from potential losses. Due to the legalities at tached to contracts there are certain essential elements of a Valid Contract which makes it fully acceptable in courts and in legal institutions. Following are the essential elements of a Valid Contract (Elements of a Contract, 2013) Offer and Acceptance prime(prenominal) of all an offer is made by one of the parties which can be accepted or rejected by the second party. If the offer is accepted by the other party then the procedure moves on. The acceptance of the offer reflects the agreement of the other party regarding all the stated rules and regulations. Intention to build successful legal relations A valid

Final Project Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Final Project - Term Paper ExampleIt is also of import to acquire a degree from an accredited equity school, which is followed by proving of ones quality as a lawyer. This enables the community and body politic to appreciate the quality of services offered leading to election as a judge.The most important step to becoming a judge is gaining education. However, a number of courses such as state-supported speaking, government, English, philosophy, and history should boost it. This is because a judge must expect skills that include analyzing, logical thinking, speaking, and researching so s to acquire success.To become a judge one must be able to analyze situations in the online world in an acceptable manner. This is the reason experience as a lawyer is very important. In addition, one must drive home some public support, which is achieved during the trial processes. Since Judges are mostly appointed or elected, it is essential to relieve oneself favor from the top officials by gaining political support. This ensures that the people involved in appointing are aware of your services and can recommend them as a judge.As a judge, it is important to keep track of any changes in the state laws. It is also essential to ensure that all cases are ruled in favor of the law. In addition, one must avoid any form of involvement in crime and corruption issues. Corruption is the best way to ensure that a judge is brought down. Most importantly, cases must be criticized and a ruling granted in accordance with the law.I have worked as a judge for quite a number of years. After my education, I started out as a layer, where I defended cases successfully. I was always successful in most cases, which led to appointment a judge by the state council. After the appointment, I have listened to different cases for seven years. As each year increases in my calendar, I gain new ways to handle similar cases. Over the years, I have boosted my position through acquiring education in a number of

Killing With Keyboards Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Killing With Keyboards - Assignment Examplesing the information to a pedophile to stake Chris children (4) altering the information to spread confusion just for the sake of fun or, (5) harassing him for ransom. Vulnerabilities include (1) Trojan horses, which are destructive programs that are sent into the computer dodging so that all important passwords and valuable information such as the social security number is conveyed to the thief. (2) Email phishing, in which the victim (Chris) is sent emails that goldbrick him by leading him to a counterfeit website which inquires about his private information. (3) Viruses, which infect the systems and unlock all important information. (5) Social networking, which makes all shared information vulnerable. (5) Employee sabotage, in which a colleague gets unauthorized access to information. Measures include educating the internet users about their rights of protection so that they do not become victims at the hands of criminals (Newman, 2009 ). The to a greater extent the awareness about the users information security, the lesser will be the chance of fraudulent

Human bodys nonspecific second line of defense Assignment

Human personifys nonspecific second line of defense - designation ExampleImmunity is further subdivided into a number of concepts to facilitate the larn for bookmans.The concept chosen here to demonstrate the learning method is human bodys nonspecific second line of defense. This is aimed towards college students and it has been assumed that they have prior understanding of the components of the defense mechanism and know the structure of proteins and WBCs (Glucksman, 2006).In Part 2, using examples and non-examples the concept will be explained in an east-to-grasp manner for students. These examples and non-examples have been chosen to make the concept easier for the students and will be analyzed further to allow students to let out between the relevant and irrelevant details based on their relation with critical features to gain clarity of concept.Part 3 will finish the learning exercise with a set of questions aimed at testing the comprehension of the project by the student. They will be different than the examples and non-examples so as to gauge students learning. For each short question, the student should be able to give a brief explanation and identify the critical feature involved. Answers have been provided in the Appendix for reference of both students and teachers.Human bodys second line of defense system protects the body against all types of nonspecific infections and antigens. All the features overwork together to provide the body with the immunity enabling it to survive and fight the foreign invasions. The critical features argonEach critical feature will be further explained in detail. Their function, site of action, and effectiveness in combating the disease will be discussed with the students. Also, the results if second line of defense is compromised will be highlighted.Phagocytic cells are involved in the nonspecific immunity as they attack and ingest the foreign particles, antigens. There are a few types

Mendel and Darwin are the Fathers of Molecular Biology Coursework

Mendel and Darwin are the Fathers of Molecular Biology - Coursework ExampleIn this experiment, Mendel only used only the color of flowers to take on inherence. Mendel attempted a second study using the pea seeds. He wanted to decipher the inheritance of seed shape. He crossed the seeds had soundless coats with wrinkled seeds. The result of this cross was that altogether plants had smooth seeds. Mendel then self-crossed the smooth-seeded plants. The progeny of these fertilization showed that many plants had smooth seeds and only a few wrinkle-seeded. Mendel tried a third experiment. In this case, he used pea plants, which differed in two characteristics. The two traits of comparison were color and shape of the seeds. The pure breeds were smooth, yellow seeds and wrinkled green seeds. After the stolon cross, Gregor observed that, that all the plants were just about in shape and yellow in color. When he self-fertilized these offspring, Mendel the plants from this cross were diffe rent. The seeds were, round-yellow, wrinkled-yellow, round green, and wrinkled green. This surprised Mendel. He later concluded that there were factors accountable for transfer of traits from one generation to another. He went ahead to reveal that the many of the traits did not appear in the first generation. However, the masked traits reappeared in the subsequent generations. Gregor coined his first principle based on the observations of monohybrid crosses. This was the principle of segregation. This principle meant that, there was division of what initially were two factors during the gamete formation process. Using results from a cross of two differentiate traits, Mendel came up with the principle of Independent Assortment. This principle alludes to fissiparous inheritance of alleles. Although Mendel did not provide the word gene at that time, he proposed that there were factors passed from generation to the other. soma 1 below is an illustration of the principle of segregat ion. P represents the parental generation. They are purple and white in color. In the first generation, their offspring are all purple in color. However, the cross of these individual off springs results to reappearance of white flowered plants. This indicates that the white trait did not get lost. Figure 2 shows laws of independent florilegium, the parental traits are round yellow and wrinkled-green. Their offspring demonstrate a variety of characteristics. Nine out of sixteen are round yellow, three are round green, three yellow wrinkled and only one wrinkled green. Figure 1. Illustrates the Principle of segregation Figure 2 indicates the law of independent assortment Charles Darwin is famous for the evolutionary theory. In his book, The Origin of Species he proposes the theory of natural selection. Darwin believed that all organisms evolved from previous ones. The theory holds that, organism develop adaptive mechanism to check over well to their immediate environment. Darwin us ed breeding experiment to understand variation. In his selective experiments, he noticed that there was accumulation of variation in some organism, which enabled them to survive better to the environment than the ones that did not accumulate variation. With each successive breeding, Darwin discovered that there was a new group of organism, which had acquired strong characteristic. Darwin concluded that reputation caused the accumulation of good traits in organisms that allowed them to fit well to environment. This clearly implies that nature

How To Make Resume Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

How To Make Resume - Essay ExampleWe will also look at the chief(prenominal) reasons why it was practiced and how the contemporary society deems/ regards these aesthetically preserved and monumental bodiesII. According to Hawass (2004), preserving a mud in a way that left it looking at as alive as could be managed was critical in the Egyptian religion. The steps I have highlighted in the beginning of my talk were only severalise of stage of the mummification process that entailed two very engaging stages2. The entire process of mummification lasted approximately 70 days. The internal organs that had been removed were dry and consequently carefully stored in special containers (canopic jars) after which the presiding priest blessed them through spoken word3. Using a hook, the brain was excised from the skull through the nose. The totality of the corpse was however left intact since Egyptians held that the memories, emotions and intelligence of the person lived on in their heart s4. After this mass excision of internal organs, what was left of the corpse was filled with special material (linen) to regain its original shape. The corpse was consequently dried for several weeks to ensure that the preservation would last for a very tenacious time1. In this procedure, the corpse was thoroughly cover using bandages of linen. Prayers were then said and rituals performed. Expensive jewelry and stones, faience and gold amulets were laid on the corpse then also wrapped within fresh bandages. These accompaniments were believed to be a source of protection for the dead person2. More prayers and spells ensued after this procedure. The body was also wrapped while holding an ancient book called The Book of the Dead. This book was believed to guide and lead the spirit in the after-life3. Following this book process, tow more(prenominal) rounds of linen were wound around the corpse. The mummified corpse would hence be enclosed in a series of caskets which would also be e nclosed within a

ART5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

ART5 - Essay ExampleIn the nineteenth century Oriental Studies was an area of academic study. however the West had to create the East in order for this study to take place.(Orientalism, para.24) According to Occidentals, Orientalism is an indicative of the power that West has over Orient, as its colony. In a way, Occidentals were creating the image of Orient as it was suitable to them. Edward Said disagrees with this opinion, and this fact is the basis of discussion amidst Said and other scholars.As an example of Eastern finale I have considered the country of Turkey. There are countless tours to this country, since it is still one of the most attractive places to visit by westerners. Turkey is rich in historical places and places of interest. Searching through the sites offering tours to this country I have chosen a few most popular sights to see there.St. Nicholas church in Myra is one of the first places tourists are offered to visit. According to the legend, St. Nicolas was a bishop there in the 4th century he was famous for his miracles and known for his kindness. One of the main attractions of Myra is the amphitheatre and the plethora of rock-cut tombs carved in the cliff above the theatre.One of the places that every tourist should visit in traditional Turkish bath called Hamam. Going to Hamam is traditional among Turkish men and women if one would like to feel a real spirit of this country visiting Hamam is essential.Instanbul is the city full of places of interest and historical monuments. Among them is Hagia Sofia, the perform of the Holy Wisdom. Nothing remains of the original Hagia Sofia built in the 4th century by Constantine the Great, it was destroyed twice and was rebuilt in its present form between 532 and 537. Hagia Sofia is one of the greatest examples of Byzantine architecture, rich with mosaic and marble

Reporting for the Media News Writing Assignment Essay

Reporting for the Media News Writing Assignment - Essay ExampleThe stories can also be divided into hard news, haywire news, feature, and editorial. Media news process basically consists of planning, researching, and writing (Media Awareness Network, 2010).In the process of completing the news story, the company selected is Coca Cola. The four primary sources that will do in completing the story regarding cipher scenario at Coca Cola are going to be finance committee members, president of the particular assembly line segment related to budget section, chief executive policeman and chief financial officer. Also there going to be six secondary sources for winning the interview. They are going to be officers in general management, supply chain management, food service management, and strategy and business development, brand marketing, strategic growth officer as well as global marketing manager (The Coca Cola Company, 2009).The above mentioned sources form the core part of budget r elated end making. Therefore, their point of view is crucial in preparing the news story. Finance committee is generally responsible for preparing a budget of company. The committee helps the board members and higher situation of the company to discover the facts and figures associated with a budget plan. Also, they make the board and decision making delegacy like chief financial officer aware of front years budget and also the areas that are going to need looking after in preparing the budget. The committee prepares a review of the capital expenditures, budget operations, and financial operations. They also recommend about the dividend policy (The Coca Cola Company, 2009).The budget related information then is streamlined to decision making authority like chief financial officers, chief executive officers and the president. They all are part of the decision making authority regarding budget allocation like which subdivision should get main importance in preparation of budget. Therefore for preparing the news story

Can Barack Obama deliver the change (in foreign policy) he promises Research Paper

Can Barack Obama deliver the interchange (in extraneous policy) he promises - Research Paper sheath5. The federal budget is balanced, therefore allowing the President more time to work on foreign policy. CON No, President Obama squeeze out not deliver the change in foreign policy he promises. 1. Barack Obama is defeated by Governor Mitt Romney, who becomes the next President of the join States of America on 6 November 2012. 2. The legislative branch of the unify States government continues to bicker among themselves, therefore not agreeing on policy. 3. The countries that have historically been affiliate of the United States decide to cut ties politically with the United States. 4. The war in Afghanistan continues for more than four years therefore occupying most of President Obamas attention. 5. The United States continues to go into debt, therefore decreasing the ability that the United States to create foreign policy as well as not allowing time to manage foreign policy with an ever nearing depression. Due to the interconnectedness of the world, foreign policy is now an important aspect of any politicians job. This is even more so for the President of the Unites States of America, a position that has numerous levels of responsibility. The President has to maintain infixed peace of prosperity, as well as international concerns. The United States in recent decades has taken on responsibilities that most countries would not. Being a leader in world politics, world economics, and being a world super power takes a toll on a country as well as a leader. This has especially been true for the United States that has seen in the last two decades almost constant international warfare, a struggling economy, and increased numbers of adversaries. To come across what needs to be accomplished internationally, the President must have a strong stance on foreign policy and the ability to enact change. When Barack Obama was take President in 2008 the nation was embroil ed in two large conflicts, the national debt was increasing, and the rate of employment was decreasing. Foreign policy while important was not on the top list of things to do. However, now that the unemployment rates are stable, and the United States is out of one of the conflict zones, a look at if President Obama can achieve any significant change to Foreign policy is appropriate. The main hurdles that President Obama is facing are the upcoming elections, which parties controls the legislative branch, our international allies start to falter, the current war in Afghanistan continues, and there is no relief in sight for the national budget to be balanced. All five of these things could discover foreign policy. In addition to each of these being a detriment to the success, the opposite will be beneficial in accomplishing effective and long durable change. The election that is taking place on November 6, 2012 is one of the most divisive elections in the last 50 years. Many bloggers have realized this and started to write nearly what this election is doing to the country. Due to this divisiveness both 1 and 2 are going to be dependent on the results of the election. Daniel Greenfield, in a very conservative blog believes that it was the intention of the candidates to divide the country, to spread fear and loathing among the population.i This division was done not to support the United States, but to show how bad it could be. The latest survey show that there is a chance of either party to win the Presidency.

The effect of usury on our lives Research Paper

The effect of vigorish on our lives - Research Paper ExampleThe old way was an endeavor to shield the pathetic and less fortunate from exploitation, but the current American economic system charges higher interests to the poor (Long, 1996). Despite the f human action that vigorish-based economic systems are a commonplace practice by all banks in the world to twenty-four hours, people should resist it because of its enormous disadvantages to the society. Different schools of thought have been advanced towards the construct of usury. The traditional popular opinion perceives usury has a practice of seeking a payment for a loan advanced to an early(a) individual. This definition was development at the scholarly whole kit of Aristotle and was embraced by other people of the times. The concept advancement by Aristotle was that money was barren the medieval schoolmen accepted this view. Later on, changes stared emerging on the definition (Persky, 2007). The neo view of usury relates to charging of unethical interest that is exploitative to the borrower. However, some faiths have continued to uphold the concept of charging any form of interest as an act of usury. The banks have developed due to the demand to satisfy the market needs, laws that regulate their activities have been developed. It is an act of usury for a bank or any other financial lending institution or a person to charge more than the set percentages. In my view usury is a relative concept that relates to interest charged on loans, if the interest is unreasonable to the poor in the society and does not reflect the needs in the society that is tantamount to usury (Lewison, 1999). Usury based economy relates to the charging of favorable interests. The modern view started taking its shape around 1571 when Elizabeth I allowed an interest of 10% to be charged, this aspect light-emitting diode to enactment of some ethics to safeguard the interests of the loanees. At the initial stages, a lot of resista nce was encountered since the interest was seen as a way of exploiting people (Steel, 1993). To save upgrade usury, came reforms that facilitated the enactment of ethics. Coincidentally, the activity led to an increase in the prices and consequently economies started growing. A lot of productivity and prosperity was evident in the process. In 1854, the usury laws were reformed further allowing the justice system to prosecute those that were charging exorbitant interests. The laws have continued to change in order to take care of the borrowers, as it stands the Consumer quotation act protects the borrowers against any form of modern usury (Steel, 1993). Human needs are many and unsatiable, in an effort to control the economy of the world by the giant economies they use their financial muscle to benefit themselves more. People in all societies need to invest their money in one way or another in order to live a secure and decent life. Money is the backbone of anyones life however, pe ople have very circumscribed options to choose where to invest their money. Banks are the only winning side from this unequal equation (Mews & Ibrahim, 2007). They take peoples money to make as frequently profit as they can for the sake of themselves and the rich people. On the other hand, poor and middle class people will find themselves drowning in debt day after day. To simplify this lets take an average college graduate student as an example. If he wanted to satisfy the basic need of his life on his won, from get married to finding a place to live, he will surely be in debt for at least 30 coming

The south after the civil war Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The second after the civilized war - Essay ExampleEarlier the south enjoyed a competitive advantage over the rest of the country with the help of slave energy and cultivation of huge plots of impart. This measure had dual advantage. Firstly, the wage or cost per labor was considerably low and secondly this cost benefit was ploughed back into the agricultural business by buying large plots of land and cultivating huge area at one time. Thus it is obvious that the yield this way used to be generating formidable surplus out of the business.Once the civil war was lost and the advantage of slave energy was diminished the landlords or the region found it difficult to adjust with the changed situation of escalated labor cost and in the process they were forced to employ tenants and divide the land into smaller plots. Both these factors diminished returns and this caused the south to face a low per capita income and in the process became the well-nigh backward states of the nation. (Kunr euther, 526-51)However, there are opposing views to this hypothesis. Ransom believed that the main cause of economic degradation was due to the fact there was a substantial tally of racism present in the South even after the Civil War. This racism induced low legal and social support for the African American in the region.

An Embarrassing Moment Essay Example for Free

An Embarrassing Moment EssayOne day my friend and I where getting ready to go out of town to Houston, Texas where we would be attending a Southern Football game. We where so excited about leaving because it was the only time that we actual go somewhere without our parents al styluss virtually us. While backpacking our things we decided that we need a new outfit and a new pair of shoes. First we made sure to finish packing all the small but necessary items like toothbrush, comb, toothpaste, and comb. Then we borrowed my sister car to go hunting for I new outfits and shoes.Our first stop was Gonzales to this shortsighted strip mall that we like to shop at but we didnt have any luck finding what we were tone for that day. So we made our way to Cortana mall and look around in a few livestocks my friend found some shoes that she purchased and I have found a apparel that I purchased. After leaving Cortana my friend still needed an outfit and I need to complete my outfit and get some shoes. We took a submit from shopping and got some lunch to eat. Then we then decided to go to the kernel of Louisiana to continuing looking for our new things.Upon arrive at the Mall of Louisiana we stopped a Dillards to check out there selection of shoe leaving Dillards we saw these two amazing looking guys. We decided to follow them to get a better look us trying to follow them with out it being obvious. They stopped in this urban hold up store where they where looking at so throwback jerseys. We were acting like we were looking at the throwback dresses next to the mens jerseys that they were looking at. I looked away for a minute to look at the dress my friend had in her hand and they were gone. My friend turned around to look in the reverberate and bumped the mannequin it fell right on me and I fell to the ground. The two guys were standing behind us and started cracking up laughing.The salesperson in the store helped me up and fixed the mannequin back the way it was s uppose to be. I was so embarrassing will never go to the mall with her again.

School Safety Essay Example for Free

School Safety EssayIn the last decade, nurture violence cases have drastically increased. Between 1997 and 1999, there was a rash of prepare shootings, the most notable occurring at West Paducah, Jonesboro, and Columbine. These examples are just a few instances in the long list of tragedy that occurs in the school setting. There is a broad spectrum of school violence and misconduct that keep school officials on alert handbook violations, drug use, harassment, bullying, fighting and school shootings.With school violence on the increase, administrators are forced to re-evaluate school policies to ensure safety and credential for the students and staff members. The National Education Association (NEA) supports policies developed by states, districts and schools to effectively address bullying and harassment that lead to school violence (NEA, 2002-2010).Although some officials smell that a zero-tolerance stance is the most effective means to combating bullying and harassment i n the school setting, the NEA takes the position of educating school officials, parents, community members, and students on the effects of bullying and harassment.In an attempt to reduce bullying and harassment, the NEA works to promote school safety by presenting strategies to reduce and eliminate bullying and harassment expand entranceway to counseling, anger management and peer mediation provide ways for students to communicate with adults about rumors and threats and develop instruction that teaches values like respect and responsibility (NEA, 2002-2010).The school environment is one of the safest environments for children today. Students should feel comfortable coming to school and should be allowed to learn in an environment free for intimidation and fear. The NEA agrees with this statement and supports legislation requiring states, districts, and schools to select plans to prevent and respond to bullying and harassment incidents.ReferencesNEA. (2002-2010). School safety. Re trieved fromhttp//www.nea.org/home/16364.htm

Process A Buying A House Essay Example for Free

Process A Buying A House EssayYour Journey to Home OwnershipBuying a house is an exciting process especially if it is your first home. It may be a abundant or short process. But no matter how long it takes you testament follow at to the lowest degree four steps throughout your journey to home ownership. First, you testament check your character reference and examine your finances. Next, you will give away for a mortgage loan. Then you will shop for the right house Finally, you will move in. Remember, you or other family members will probably live in your new house for the rest of your lives. That is why it is important to understand the steps in the home buying process. This brochure walks you through the process of buying a home.CREDIT AND FINANCESKnow Your CreditIt is not only important to know your credence scores, but to know your credit. Know the basics about your credit before a mortgage lender pulls your credit scores. It is helpful to write out a summary of your c redit history as you know it. What ar your monthly payments? If you have been late with payments, write down which ones, how often you have been late, the current status, and explain what led to the circumstances. Also write down your loan and credit card balances. And explain any collections, judgements, or other delinquencies that you think might affect your credit. This way both you and the lender know what to expect when your credit treat is pulled.Know Your FinancesYou must cover some part of a down payment (up to 20% of the purchase price) and some closing costs (at least(prenominal) 3% of the purchase price). It is important to know that hard currency in the bank is not the only source of funds that are acceptable to a lender. ordain a relative give you part of your down payment as a gift? If so, have them write a letter stating the amount they will give and include that amount as a cash asset on your loan application.Do you have an insurance policy with a cash value? Do you have a retirement fund? Include a most recent statement from those policies. These cash assets help you to qualify nonetheless if the cash is not on hand. If you need to use these sources, your lender will instruct you how to document the withdrawals or have the gift monies transferred when the metre comes.SHOP FOR A MORTGAGE LOAN stag for the Right Mortgage CompanyFirst, determine if you will use a commercial bank, a direct mortgage lender, or a mortgage broker. The best thing to do is call each one and ask what programs and services they offer. They can answer basic questions without taking a loan application or pulling your credit. However, be careful about quoted rates. Make sure that rates ore given for the type of loan you are concerned in and qualify for. In other words, if you are looking for a construction loan, dont compare home improvement loan rates.Shop for the Right Mortgage at one time you have subsided what type of company to work with, they will help you det ermine the right mortgage program for you. They will present you with scenarios for both fixed and adjustable rate mortgages for 15-20-30 year loan periods. They will also present loans for your specific financial and credit situation, for first time homebuyers, and for existing houses or new construction. They will also tell you what loan amount you qualify for, what your down payment and closing cost cash contribution should be, and what your maximum purchase price can be.SHOP FOR YOUR HOUSELocation Location LocationTake a drive around the communities that you are attracted to. dress how close they are to good schools, shopping locations, and other things that are important to you. Be sure to note your commute to work from these areas noting accessibility to freeways and main roads. Once you narrow the areas you like, write down what your home should look like and features it should have how many bedrooms, bathrooms, 2-story or ranch style, older home or newer construction. Onc e you decide these factors, you are ready to go shopping.Real Estate AgentsReal estate agents can help you find what you are looking for. The MLS allows the agent to plug in your parameters price, style, location, size, amenities and identify several houses for you to look at. The agent will also present your offer to the trafficker, and help you negotiate contract items such as seller paid closing costs or repairs to be done prior to closing.MOVE INClosingOnce your loan is approved, the house is appraised and inspected, you will decorous with a title company to sign the mortgage and title documents. You will bring home the bacon a copy of a homeowners insurance policy. The seller will deliver the goods a transfer of title, a pest inspection, and general safety inspection or occupancy certificate, if required by your municipality. The title company will provide you an insurance policy protecting against old liens against the property. Once all documents are signed, the items a re filed with the real estate department in your county, and YOU GET YOUR HOUSE KEYS base InRemember to do things like submit a change of address at the post office. And, if you are a renter, notify your landlord at least 30 days prior to moving. Also, remember that you will now be responsible for paying property taxes and homeowners insurance. If these items are not included with your mortgage payments, be sure to make billing and payment arrangements right away.RESOURCESFannie Mae http//www.fanniemae.com/homebuyers/index.jhtmljsessionid=JNHAKUJNMMPBVJ2FQSHSFGI?p=OverviewFreddie Mac http//www.freddiemac.com/corporate/buying_and_owning.htmlFHA http//www.fha.com/VA http//www.homeloans.va.gov/HUD http//www.hud.gov/offices/hsg/index.cfmBankrate http//www.bankrate.com/brm/rate/mtg_home.asp?link=5

Critical approach

Critical cash advanceIntroduction Critical theory roofys out to hyperdecisively examine organisations in contemporary society. This advent has emerged from the revolutionary humanist paradigm (Morgan, 1995, Burrell, 2000). This begin argues that a positivist (functionalist/modernist) approach to the precaution of organizations if non utilised cautiously it may result in the dehumanisation of the employee and the stoolplace. Individuals atomic number 18 gener onlyy confabu vernal-fangledn as machines and work as a technical process (Robbins and Barnwell, 2006, pp. 21-22). It is the humanist approach that focuses on placing populate first rather than those of the organisation. It also argues that organisations necessity to be ethical and humane. Unfortunately, these ideals are non always pursued by organisations. A critical approach sets out to improve the practices and traditions of the positivist/functionalist approach to concern. For example, a critical perspective sees work as the problem rather than the positivist view of the actor as the problem. However, critical theorists are non focused on removing the ashes but rather prefer to improve it through raising awareness, critical reflection and self analysis (Robbins and Barnwell, 2006, p. 22). Learning outcomes After completing this module/topic, you should be able to Outline and analyse the basic assumptions of the radical humanist paradigm. Outline the various critical theories and analyse the implications they fetch for managing organisations. Analyse the basis of and the take aim for an ethical approach to managing organisations Analyse the link between critical theory and the radical humanist paradigm Define and explain the concept of alienation and its implications for organisations engender an understanding of the radical humanist concept of power Critically evaluate the concept of ideological trap Explain and analyse issues much(prenominal) as diversity, loveliness and fairnes s in organisations Critical theory Critical theory has its origins in the Radical Humanist Paradigm (see Crowther and Green, Chapter 9 on E.Reserve). This approach questions the current accept views of organisations and their impact on society. Previous examples of now outdated views that would non be accepted today would include ideas such as, women should not be encouraged to work and that organisations can freely pollute the environment. The basic assumptions of this paradigm are according to Morgan (1995), Ideological traps Tunnel vision is based on our previous experience befitting the blueprint for interpreting our current experience (we often let myths and our past experience becomes our reality). We are unable to interpret reality without prejudice. Power dimension The advanced to define reality or the right of some to have power all over others overt use of power. Power is also used in a subtle or covert way (soft domination) and its use and abuse is often unquesti aced. Eg. How is power distributed in organisations? We discuss empowerment and participation but we rarely see this happening in organisations. Ethical dimension Organisations make to act in an ethical manner. How do the actions of managers and organisations impact on employees and society? People first fake is the problem Critical theory proposes that the functionalist approach to management is based on a technical and mechanistic view of organizations rather than understanding organizations as friendly and human activity. This technical view of organizations reinforces the view that managing organizations can be achieved by developing more efficient and effective technical control (Alvesson and Willmott, 1996). However, the focus on efficiency and effectiveness may overlook the necessitate of people in organisations. The use of control in organisation may become authoritarian if not carefully monitored. A critical approach is often viewed as being negative however, a criti cal approach is meaning(a) skill to develop. A critical approach factor that we do not take things at face value and question the current way things are done. Contemporary social movements such as environmentalism, feminism and studyr issues often take a critical approach because they question the current belief systems and practices in society and organisations (Crowther and Green, 2004, p. 115). Conflict Questioning may give rise to meshing but this does not necessarily mean that the conflict needs to be dysfunctional. Critical theory is clear that any conflict should be dealt within the system and in democracies this is done through political debate, academic debate, education, legislation, Television (Australian Story ABC 7.30 Report, ABC), Documentaries (Who Killed the Electric Car An Inconvenient Truth), Films (see Erin Brockevich The friction match Wore Prada) and straightforward journalism (eg. Financial Review Washington Post The Economist The Observer New Scientist Business Week). Functionalist theories focus on unifying different ideas and immingle peoples ideas into one view of the world. While this idea has merit, taken to its extreme it can result in the demise of the company eg. One Tel and Enron and others. So some conflict, doubting and critique is all-important(prenominal) in order to ensure that organisations do not descend into group think (see module 6). An example of a critical approach that has been viewed as negative until recently has been the environmental movement. This movement has been seen by concern and governments to be overly negative toward business and in particular energy organisations. However, the scientific support (Stern Review and the Report by the United Nations) is so strong that people now take this movement seriously. Therefore organisations need to examine the implications that clime change may have for their business otherwise they may not survive in the long term. In addition a critical approach recog nises that there are different and shifting realities and that the interpretation of the issue should be considered within the framework of the context in which it occurs (Crowther and Green, 2004, p. 118). A critical approach (Radical Humanism) consists of many a(prenominal) theories that were developed to critique the excesses of the capitalist/business world. Theorists include the Frankfurt school who argued that the over use of technology may prove to dehumanise the workplace. Other critical theorists include Marcuse argued that consumerism was becoming a problem for society and people were becoming one dimensional. In other words individuals did not question whether they needed to consume but rather they consumed un inquisitively, for example buying bigger cars when oil supplies are diminishing and the problems associated with global warming (The West Australian, 2007). He argued that the creation of false needs that serves to keep people happy and working long hours and in di fficult conditions (cited in Burrell and Morgan, 1988, p. 293-294). An important aspect of this theory is the inexplicit acceptance of technology. Habermas argues that work is the governing form of social action in society. Habermas also suggests that work is a form of communicative distortion because the power relationships in organisations are not equal. Organisational structures do not enable the empowerment of individuals so that they can be free to communicate so that genuine consensus can occur. An ideal speech situation is one where dialogue is open and not influenced by those who are more powerful (Burrell and Morgan, 1988, pp. 294-295 Crowther and Green, 2004, p. 121). An example of this would be the One Tel situation where employees could not discuss the organisations problems with Jodee Rich because he did not want to hear bad news (Robbins and Barnwell, 2006). Habermas proposes that there a three main issues that need to be addressed to ensure empowerment. They are, Te chnical motive the value given to science and technology has taken precedence over human and ethical issues. Control is the main aim with the ends being more important that the way things are done. Practical Reason this concept refers to the importance of achieving mutual understanding instead of focusing on prediction and control. The means are as important as the goal. The needs of employees and society should be taken into account. Emancipatory reason communication needs to focus on consensus and be conducted in a humour free from domination. Critical self reflection is important. That is individuals must question their own ideas and values. This self questioning enables the ontogenesis of critical thinking and frees individuals from past practices (ideological traps) which may not be relevant for the present or the future (Crowther and Green, 2004, pp. 121-122). Critical theorists agree with the interpretivists that assumptions and beliefs are taken for granted by people. Howe ver, although they share the idea that organisational life should be explored from a stemive, they prefer to question these beliefs rather than just understand them. Therefore a critical approach is more concerned with developing a questioning and critical approach to organisational life. Journalists, lawyers and researchers are trained in this approach. Academic training focuses on questioning and extending knowledge rather than accepting the status quo. A good example of this focus on questioning are Barry Marshall and Robin Warren who are from Western Australia and received the Nobel Prize for their work on ulcers in 2005 and made Companions of the Order of Australia in 2007. Their findings challenged the prevailing beliefs and assumptions that ulcers were caused by stress. They found that ulcers were caused by bacteria could be cured by antibiotics. However, the consultant specialists in the field were unaffected and it took Ten years before they were listened to and almost 20 years before their findings were accepted by the medical establishment and business (Knowles, 2007). Another group that have challenged conventional wisdom have been the environmentalists. Our headlines now are raising the issue of climate and its impact on society (Hartcher, 2007 Stern Report) scientists now are in agreement that climate change has the capacity to severely impact life on earth as we know it is still seen by business as not a major issue. Although the Stern Report (commissioned by the British Government) concluded that climate change is the consequence of the greatest market failure and called for business to take action to control greenhouse emissions, American CEOs were far less(prenominal) concerned about climate change than the Europeans (Kitney, 2007, p. 40). Critical thinking is concerned with the development of foresight and learning (Fulop, 1992). Organisations and society cannot always wait until the problem has been experienced objectively because by the time we experience the event it may too late to rectify the situation. The lack of a Tsunami warning system in the Indian ocean was an example of this problem. Scientists had been warning for many years that a warning system was needed. Many lives and businesses were lost as a result of the Tsunami. Without critical thinking we cannot have innovation and change. Change requires questioning what we are doing currently and if it can be done better. The radical humanist concept ideological trap illustrates how people can become trapped in a non-reflective and unquestioning way of thinking. exclude and Consider Why should people and society question current thinking? Can you outline any examples of ideological traps Business offerers have that need to be challenged to ensure a focus on the human side of organisations? A critical approach to organisations Placing people first Critical theory proposes that organisations should be concerned with the emancipation and empowerment of emplo yees in organizations. Critical theory also recognises that the placing of people first is not always the primary concern of organisations. For example, although organisations argue they raise empowerment, there is evidence that employees are working longer hours and extreme jobs are becoming the norm (Hewlett and Buck Luce, 2007). If employees are over controlled thence organizations face the prospects of employees experiencing alienation. madness results in employees experiencing low motivation, low morale, poor mental health, job dissatisfaction, job stress, anxiety and depression (Kanungo, 1992). Work alienation is defined as an experienced psychological state of the individual that represents a cognitive separation from ones job and other work contexts a sense of frustration and accompanying negative affect, that is the result of the workers science that they have failed to achieve their objectives through their job, and results in the experience of apathy (Kanungo, 1992, p. 414). Empowerment is considered by critical theorists to be a way of overcoming alienation. Empowerment involves giving the worker more control over their work by participating in decision-making. In addition it involves giving the worker encouragement, and to provide workers with meaningful goals. According to Kanungo (1992) empowerment has an ethical foundation and goes beyond the focus on the bottom line. Thus Kanungo (1992) argues that organisational ethics begins with the humane treatment of workers. Soft domination The central tension in organisations is often between resistance and obedience. Management control excessive use of coercion invites overt resistance because is used in an obvious manner. However, power as a form of control can also be used in a more subtle way. According to Courpasson soft domination is characterised by the administration of rule that give managerial discretion to managers while reinforcing the strength of centralised authority. It is based on the appearance of equality and fairness but in the end in organisations the power lies with only a few (Cited in Clegg, Kornberger and Pitsis, 2005, p. 169). Processes such as performance appraisals, promotion systems, discipline procedures and being made redundant all contribute to flavourings of powerlessness and that others have the right to define the workers reality. Teamwork is often seen associated with the rhetoric of empowerment but it can be a form of soft domination. individual(a) solutions such as TQM, Lean production, Learning organisations, and BPR appear to reverse the individualistic approach of Scientific Management. Teamwork and in particular self managing teams does not isolate workers and set them competitively against each other. In contrast to scientific management teamwork encourages communication and sociability among workers. However, Barker notes that it is a form of concertive control because the team members watch over each other because the responsibilit y for rule making is shifted to the team who then set their own limits. It is more difficult to argue with team members than it is to argue with a supervisor. The subtlety of concertive control is powerful and genuinely difficult to escape (Cited in Clegg, Kornberger and Pitsis (2005, p. 172-174). Concertive control has the capacity to promote the notion of overwork and extreme jobs because people feel they cannot take time off such as a sick day because they will let others down. A study by Deery, Iverson and Walsh (2002) studied cinque call centres (480 telephone service operators) in the communications industry has show that the use of teams alone cannot overcome problems in the workplace. The study also showed that elements of scientific management contributed to worker exhaustion. These researchers carried out a well designed study and used good quality scales of measurement and analysis. Workers in this industry are often subject to customer hostility and verbal abuse. Work ers were measured on employee withdrawal, emotional exhaustion, customer interactions and scripted conversational rules. Workload items included were the pace of work, role overload, and routinisation of work, team leader support and physical health. They found that customer abuse along with scripted and rigid rules of response also contributed to emotional exhaustion. Workers experience exhaustion because although the scripted approach facilitates a more efficient approach to the customer, less time is spent with them so that workers can deal with more calls. Consequently customers feel that they are not important and often become abusive. This streamlined approach is based on Taylors scientific management principles. However, it only serves to dehumanise the worker and irritate the customer. The researchers initially sight that the longer a person stayed with the organisation they would become more competent and therefore less in all likelihood to experience exhaustion. However, this was not the case. The longer workers stayed the more they were likely to experience emotional exhaustion. Emotional exhaustion was also associated with withdrawal (levels of absence). Withdrawal was related to a high workload and customer abuse. The symptoms of withdrawal and emotional exhaustion are linked to the concept of alienation. A critical approach Are organisations ethical? A critical approach argues that organisations should have an ethical approach when conducting their business. This means dealing with their employees, clients, society and other business associates in an ethical manner. This contrasts with the functionalist theories that are concerned with efficiency and effectiveness. Functionalist theories focus on survival and profits. Now these are important for without organisations the majority of people would not be able work and survive. However, if organisations only focus on their own interests then the ramifications may ultimately be detrimental for the ir survival and lose the good will of the connection. The pursuit of efficiency and effectiveness may become an ideological trap (tunnel vision) that prevents organisations from seeing the bigger picture. Activity necessitate James Hardie from fibro in suburbia to mesothelioma and the US siding market in Robbins and Barnwell (2006, p.254). The focus on organisational success in terms of profits etc can lead an organisation and its management to develop tunnel vision (ideological trap) which stops them from considering ethical issues and how society views its actions. The idea of unquestioned obedience needs to be explored. The question why do people do morally bad things whey they are asked to do so by those in authority? What aspects of organisational life make unquestioning obedience occur? The technique of power, i.e. the right to define reality enables leaders to ask people to do things they would not normally do. Therefore if employees are authoritative to do something the n it takes away the responsibility for questioning their leader. Milgram (cited in Clegg et al., 2005, p. 181-182) showed how easily this could be done. He found that individuals are inclined to follow the commands of people who are in authority. He created an experiment where ordinary people were directed by scientists to do cruel things to other people (participants) as part of a laboratory experiment. When the individuals were instructed to deliver electric shocks to the participants they did so (however, they did not know that the shocks were not real and the participants were actors). The individuals believed that each shock they gave was higher than the previous one. If the individuals could see the participants only 30% administered the shock if they, however, if they could not see the participant then 62% were willing to administer the shock. Milgram showed that the obligations of the situation were stronger than the individuals ethical and moral values. Milgram also found t hat when the expert was questioned then individuals were less likely to follow instructions unquestioningly If organisations do not empower employees to speak up and contradict ideas and thinking, then CEOs will not be exposed to different perspectives and/or limit the probability of unethical behaviour in organisations. Therefore it is easy to regard the person speaking against the issue to be incompetent, a trouble maker and/or a whistleblower. In module five it was noted that the functionalist to culture focused on developing a iodine corporate culture. However, a critical approach would argue that this may lead to an organisations downfall if taken to the extreme (One Tel, Enron) or experience major problems such as James Hardie (Robson, 2007 Robbins and Barnwell, 2006, p. 254). The power of the organisation to facilitate organisational commitment and loyalty has advantages and disadvantages. A study by Ahern and McDonald (2002) found that nurses who were more traditional in th eir behaviour and deferred to the operating surgeon and others in authority in a hospital were less likely to report foul up. However, nurses who were committed to their profession and the nursing code of ethics tended to report misconduct because they were advocates for their patients. Traditional nurses felt powerless to alter the status quo were restricted in their moral and ethical development. Nurses who believed they were advocates for the patient were more likely to blow the whistle in hospitals. These results are not good for either the patients or the organisation because patients like to think their life and health is placed first. In contrast organisations such as hospitals would prefer to have undivided loyalty and that the problem be dealt within the organisation rather than reading about it in the newspaper. Ethical issues such as insider trading have created difficulties for organisations and their shareholders. It is difficult to prove however, in 2002 the burden o f proof was lowered with the accession of civil penalties. One of the recent cases involved Steve Vizard who was fined $390, 000 and banned from managing a corporation for more than 10 years. (Johnston, 2007, p. 32). Johnston (2007) also draws attention to other Australians and overseas people who have been prosecuted for insider trading. The Australian Securities Investment Commission (ASIC) is a corporate watchdog that oversees companies to ensure they abide by Australian company laws. The sound system attempts to ensure that corrupt and unethical behaviour does not occur in organisations, however, the legal framework, cannot ensure businesses are ethical and moral. For example, large mining companies now accept that closing a mine is not just walking away from a ravaged landscape. Closing a mine is now an environmental and sustainable process (Mellish, 2007). Legislation and public sector organisations in Australia attempt to ensure that employee and community safety is ensured , that minorities are treated fairly and that the environment is not compromised. Until recently Australia had one of the best legal systems in the world for ensuring the workplace treated workers fairly. The new Work Choices legislation, according the Professor of Law at Sydney University is now comparable with the US and Australians will find that their jobs in the future will be less secure and less well paid (Mccallum, 2007). An ethical approach Diversity in organisations A critical approach to organizations also examines the decisions and practices of organizations for their ethical approach. It challenges the notion that management is a scientific and impartial process. The pursuit of gender equity in organizations is a humanist and ethical approach to organizations. For many years women in organizations were not given equal pay for equal work. The view that women should receive less pay than men was an outcome of the historic industrial wage decision by Justice Higgins in the Harvester Judgement in 1907. Justice Higgins determined what was needed by a man to support his wife and children at a reasonable standard of comfort. It was also argued that women should receive 54% of the male wage because she only had to support herself and/or supplement her husbands salary. Societys values supported this approach and the incommensurate pay and unfair treatment of women at work continued until 1972. Married women usually had to resign their positions on marriage and married women were not allowed to join the humankind Service until 1966. Following the introduction of the Equal Employment Opportunity Act in the states of Australia the workforce was generally gender segregated. However, there are still very few women in senior management positions in large organizations and fewer women directors of Australian Companies. Barriers to womens progression in organizations occur through social and organizational practices and the final examination barrier to senior p osition is called the glassful ceiling (Robbins and Barnwell, 2006). Learning Activity Read pages 501 to 512 in Robbins and Barnwell (2006) and outline the different barriers that inhibit womens progression in the workplace. What does the glass ceiling mean? Do question three on page 528 of your text. A critical approach by women and men has questioned the early ideas of women and work and enshrined a fair go for both women and minority groups into legislation. The main feminist theories that emerge from critical theory are Radical Feminist Theory, Psychoanalytic Theory and Anti-capitalist feminist theories (see table 16.1 in Robbins and Barnwell, 2006, p. 516). These theories explore the reasons for the unfair and discriminatory treatment of women. In 1986 Federal legislation was introduced to ensure that women were treated fairly at work was the introduction of the Affirmative Action (Equal Opportunity for Women) Act 1986. The Act specified a number of provisions that organizati ons must meet to fulfil the requirements of the Act (Robbins and Barnwell, 2006, p. 522).